When dynastree.com launched a Turkish version in early July, an unexpected challenge regarding the localization and the difficulties Turkish genealogists are facing came up: surnames have only been invented (literally) very recently in Turkey. While surnames have been a natural part of life in Europe, North America, and Latin America for ages, things are different in Turkey.
Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the modern Turkish republic, brought surnames to Turkey in his far-reaching attempt to modernize (meaning westernize) the country. In 1934, a law requiring Turks to acquire surnames following the European model was passed.
So how did people distinguish themselves prior to this important cesura? Instead of surnames, they appended their religious, family-related, or professional title to their first names. Furthermore, they could be called following their informal titles, which effectively meant that only “Sir” or “Madam” was appended to the first name. Examples would be “Vezir.i Azam”, (meaning “Grand Vizier Azam”), and simply “Ahmet Bey” (“Bey” meaning “Sir”).
If a person had a formal title, indicating his political, religious, or military status or rank, this title was also used in civilian life. Thus, a “Pasha” (the highest rank of civil servants or military officers) would never become a “Bey”. This lead to a cleavage in society and created a chaos during magisterial registrations, e.g. for military service, not to mention the local residents’ registration office.
Today, most Turkish family names are easily understandable, as the majority was created from the standard vocabulary. Surnames created from words suggesting a masculine and martial virtue were especially popular, such as:
- Ateş: fire, zeal
- Çelik: steel
- Çetin : hard
- Coşkun: fiery, vigorous
Another popular category for choosing a surname was adapting the name of a historic figure, or a mythological hero:
- Arslan (Alp Arslan was Sultan of the Grand-Seljuks)
- Cengiz (Ghengis Kahn)
The example of surnames in Turkey shows the importance of considering cultural peculiarities when localizing a product or a service for a single country, as dynastree’s Country Manager for Turkey, Pinar Gazel, confirms: “We are striving for meeting the needs of Turkish genealogists, and have thus tried to consider such things during the localization of acrabaonline.com”.